awaitly vs Vercel Workflow

Vercel Workflow is a durable execution engine for TypeScript that uses compiler directives ("use workflow", "use step") to create long-running, resumable workflows. awaitly provides explicit Result types and workflow orchestration that runs anywhere Node.js runs.

Philosophy Comparison

Vercel Workflow                     awaitly
┌─────────────────────────┐         ┌──────────────────────────┐
│   Compiler magic        │         │   Explicit types         │
│  ────────────────────── │         │  ──────────────────────  │
│  • "use step" directive │         │  • AsyncResult<T, E>     │
│  • "use workflow"       │         │  • createWorkflow()      │
│  • Platform durability  │         │  • Tagged errors         │
│  • Zero-config setup    │         │  • Platform-agnostic     │
│  • Vercel integration   │         │  • Bring your own store  │
└─────────────────────────┘         └──────────────────────────┘

When to choose awaitly

Choose awaitly when you want typed error handling, platform flexibility, and explicit control over workflow behavior without compiler transformation.

Quick Comparison

Feature	Vercel Workflow	awaitly
Step Definition	"use step" directive	Return AsyncResult<T, E>
Workflow Definition	"use workflow" directive	createWorkflow() factory
Error Handling	throw Error / RetryableError	return err(error) with TaggedError
Type Safety	Basic TypeScript	Enhanced with Result types
Parallel Execution	Promise.all()	step.all() / step.all() with named steps; step.map() for arrays
Race Conditions	Promise.race()	step.race() with anyAsync()
Retry Logic	RetryableError class	Retry options in step config
Saga Pattern	Manual try/catch rollback	createSagaWorkflow with auto-compensation
Static Analysis	Limited	awaitly-analyze with Mermaid diagrams
ESLint Plugin	None	eslint-plugin-awaitly with autofixes
Runtime Visualization	Limited	awaitly-visualizer with multiple formats (Mermaid, ASCII, JSON)
Platform Lock-in	Vercel only	Any Node.js environment
Durability	Built-in (Vercel platform)	Configurable (PostgreSQL, Redis, etc.)
Compiler Required	Yes (custom compiler)	No (standard TypeScript)
Workflow Metadata	getWorkflowMetadata()	WorkflowContext (3rd callback arg)
Step Metadata	getStepMetadata() with attempt	onEvent callback with retry events
Hooks/Webhooks	createHook() with suspension	Custom implementation via onEvent
AI Agents	DurableAgent class	Any AI library e.g. AI SDK, Tanstack AI, Langchain etc
Sleep	sleep("5s") built-in	step.sleep(“delay”, “5s”)

Core Patterns

Defining Steps

awaitly

import { Awaitly, type AsyncResult, TaggedError } from "awaitly";

class UserNotFoundError extends TaggedError("UserNotFoundError")<{ id: string }> {}

async function fetchUser(id: string): AsyncResult<User, UserNotFoundError> {
  const user = await db.findUser(id);
  if (!user) {
    return Awaitly.err(new UserNotFoundError({ id }));
  }
  return Awaitly.ok(user);
}

Vercel Workflow

async function fetchUser(id: string): Promise<User> {
  "use step";
  const user = await db.findUser(id);
  if (!user) {
    throw new Error("User not found");
  }
  return user;
}

Key difference: awaitly makes error types explicit in the function signature. The compiler tracks what can fail.

Creating Workflows

awaitly (run)

import { run } from 'awaitly/run';
import { type ErrorsOf } from 'awaitly';

const deps = { fetchUser };
type Errors = ErrorsOf<typeof deps>;

export async function runWorkflow(id: string) {
  return await run<User, Errors>(async ({ step }) => {
    const user = await step('fetchUser', () => fetchUser(id));
    return user;
  });
}

awaitly (workflow)

import { createWorkflow } from "awaitly/workflow";

// createWorkflow infers errors and adds caching/retry/observability
export const userWorkflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { fetchUser });

export async function runWorkflow(id: string) {
  return await userWorkflow.run(async ({ step, deps }) => {
    const user = await step('fetchUser', () => deps.fetchUser(id));
    return user;
  });
}

Vercel Workflow

export async function workflow() {
  "use workflow";
  const user = await fetchUser("123");
  return user;
}

ESLint Plugin

Use eslint-plugin-awaitly to catch common mistakes. The step-no-immediate-execution and step-require-thunk-for-key rules detect when you forget the function wrapper (step('id', fn()) instead of step('id', () => fn())) and autofix it for you.

Error Handling

Retryable vs Fatal Errors

awaitly

class InvalidAmountError extends TaggedError("InvalidAmountError")<{ amount: number }> {}
class AmountTooLargeError extends TaggedError("AmountTooLargeError")<{ amount: number }> {}

async function processPayment(
  amount: number
): AsyncResult<PaymentResult, InvalidAmountError | AmountTooLargeError> {
  if (amount < 0) {
    return Awaitly.err(new InvalidAmountError({ amount }));
  }
  if (amount > 10000) {
    return Awaitly.err(new AmountTooLargeError({ amount }));
  }
  return Awaitly.ok(await chargeCard(amount));
}

// Configure retry for specific errors
const payment = await step('processPayment', () => processPayment(amount), {
  key: "process-payment",
  retry: {
    attempts: 3,
    backoff: "exponential",
    initialDelay: 100,
  },
});

Vercel Workflow

async function processPayment(amount: number) {
  "use step";
  if (amount < 0) {
    throw new RetryableError("Invalid amount");
  }
  if (amount > 10000) {
    throw new Error("Amount too large"); // Fatal
  }
  return await chargeCard(amount);
}

Note

awaitly’s tagged errors are type-safe. You can’t accidentally forget to handle an error type. The compiler will tell you.

Parallel Execution

awaitly

export const parallelWorkflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { fetchUser, fetchPosts, fetchComments },
  { description: "Parallel fetch workflow" }
);

export async function runParallelWorkflow(id: string) {
  return await parallelWorkflow(async (step) => {
    // Named object form (recommended - better type inference)
    const { user, posts, comments } = await step.all("Fetch all data", {
      user: () => deps.fetchUser(id),
      posts: () => deps.fetchPosts(id),
      comments: () => deps.fetchComments(id),
    });

    return { user, posts, comments };
  });
}

Vercel Workflow

export async function parallelWorkflow() {
  "use workflow";
  const [user, posts, comments] = await Promise.all([
    fetchUser(id),
    fetchPosts(id),
    fetchComments(id),
  ]);
  return { user, posts, comments };
}

Key difference: awaitly’s step.all() provides named steps for better observability and type inference.

Race Conditions

awaitly

import { Awaitly } from "awaitly";

export const raceWorkflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { fetchFromPrimary, fetchFromFallback },
  { description: "Race workflow" }
);

export async function runRaceWorkflow() {
  return await raceWorkflow(async (step) => {
    const result = await step.race("Fastest API", () =>
      Awaitly.anyAsync([deps.fetchFromPrimary(), deps.fetchFromFallback()])
    );
    return result;
  });
}

Vercel Workflow

export async function raceWorkflow() {
  "use workflow";
  const result = await Promise.race([
    fetchFromPrimary(),
    fetchFromFallback(),
  ]);
  return result;
}

Workflow Context & Metadata

awaitly

import { Awaitly } from "awaitly";
import { createWorkflow } from "awaitly/workflow";

export const myWorkflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { myStep },
  {
    description: "Workflow with context",
    onEvent: (event) => {
      // Access retry metadata via events
      if (event.type === "step_retry") {
        console.log(`Retry attempt ${event.attempt}/${event.maxAttempts}`);
      }
    },
  }
);

export async function runWorkflow() {
  return await myWorkflow.run(async ({ step, deps, ctx }) => {
    // ctx contains: workflowId, onEvent, context, signal
    console.log(`Workflow ID: ${ctx.workflowId}`);

    // Check for cancellation
    if (ctx.signal?.aborted) {
      return Awaitly.err("CANCELLED");
    }

    const result = await step('myStep', () => deps.myStep(), { key: "my-step" });
    return result;
  });
}

Vercel Workflow

export async function myWorkflow() {
  "use workflow";

  // Access workflow metadata
  const workflowCtx = getWorkflowMetadata();
  console.log(`Workflow ID: ${workflowCtx.workflowId}`);

  const result = await myStep();
  return result;
}

async function myStep() {
  "use step";
  // Access step metadata inside step
  const { attempt } = getStepMetadata();
  console.log(`Attempt: ${attempt}`);
  return "done";
}

Key difference: Vercel Workflow provides synchronous getters (getStepMetadata(), getWorkflowMetadata()) callable inside steps. awaitly provides WorkflowContext as a callback argument and retry info via onEvent.

Saga Pattern (Distributed Transactions)

Compare manual rollback with automatic compensation.

awaitly

import { createSagaWorkflow } from "awaitly/saga";

export const orderProcessingSaga = createSagaWorkflow('saga', {
  reserveInventory,
  releaseInventory,
  processPayment,
  refundPayment,
  createShippingLabel,
});

export async function processOrder(request: OrderRequest) {
  return await orderProcessingSaga.run(async ({ step, deps }) => {
    await step(
      "reserve-inventory",
      () => deps.reserveInventory(request.items),
      {
        compensate: async () => {
          await deps.releaseInventory(request.items);
        },
      }
    );

    const payment = await step(
      "process-payment",
      () => deps.processPayment(request.paymentMethod),
      {
        compensate: async (p: PaymentResult) => {
          await deps.refundPayment(p.transactionId, p.amount);
        },
      }
    );

    const label = await step(
      "create-shipping-label",
      () => deps.createShippingLabel(request.address),
      {
        compensate: async (label: ShippingLabel) => {
          await cancelShippingLabel(label.trackingNumber);
        },
      }
    );

    return { orderId: "...", payment, label };
  });
}

Vercel Workflow

export async function orderWorkflow(request: OrderRequest) {
  "use workflow";
  let reservation, payment, label;

  try {
    reservation = await reserveInventory(request.items);
    payment = await processPayment(request.paymentMethod);
    label = await createShippingLabel(request.address);
    return { orderId: "...", payment, label };
  } catch (error) {
    // Manual rollback - must track state yourself
    if (label) await cancelShippingLabel(label.trackingNumber);
    if (payment) await refundPayment(payment.transactionId);
    if (reservation) await releaseInventory(request.items);
    throw error;
  }
}

awaitly Saga Compensation Flow
──────────────────────────────────────────────────

SUCCESS PATH:
  reserve ──► payment ──► shipping ──► DONE

FAILURE PATH (shipping fails):
  reserve ──► payment ──► shipping ✗
                              │
              ◄───────────────┘ auto-compensate
              │
  release ◄── refund ◄── (LIFO order)

Automatic Compensation

awaitly’s createSagaWorkflow automatically runs compensation in reverse order (LIFO) when any step fails. No manual rollback code needed.

AI Integration

awaitly

import { streamText } from "ai";
import { createWorkflow } from "awaitly/workflow";
import { createMemoryStreamStore } from "awaitly/streaming";

const streamStore = createMemoryStreamStore();

export const aiWorkflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { },
  { description: "AI workflow", streamStore }
);

export async function runAIWorkflow(prompt: string) {
  return await aiWorkflow(async (step) => {
    const writer = step.getWritable<string>({ namespace: "ai-tokens" });

    await step('streamText', () => streamText({
      model: openai("gpt-4"),
      prompt,
      onChunk: async ({ chunk }) => {
        if (chunk.type === "text-delta") {
          await writer.write(chunk.text);
        }
      },
    }), { key: "stream-text" });

    await writer.close();
  });
}

Vercel Workflow

import { DurableAgent } from "@workflow/ai/agent";
import { getWritable } from "workflow";

export async function aiWorkflow(messages: UIMessage[]) {
  "use workflow";

  const writable = getWritable<UIMessageChunk>();

  const agent = new DurableAgent({
    model: "anthropic/claude-4-opus",
    tools: {
      getWeather: {
        description: "Get weather for a city",
        inputSchema: z.object({ city: z.string() }),
        execute: getWeatherInfo,
      },
    },
  });

  await agent.stream({
    messages: convertToModelMessages(messages),
    writable,
  });
}

Key difference: Both support streaming. awaitly uses step.getWritable<T>() with pluggable stores (memory, file), Vercel Workflow uses platform getWritable(). Vercel Workflow has DurableAgent with built-in tool registration. awaitly uses any AI SDK which is more flexible but requires manual tool orchestration.

Static Analysis & Visualization

awaitly provides tooling that Vercel Workflow doesn’t offer.

Static Analysis

npx awaitly-analyze workflow.ts

Generates Mermaid diagrams showing:

• Workflow structure
• Step dependencies
• Parallel execution
• Conditional logic
• Saga compensation paths

Runtime Visualization

import { createVisualizer } from "awaitly-visualizer";

const viz = createVisualizer({ workflowName: "my-workflow" });

const workflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { myDeps },
  {
    onEvent: viz.handleEvent,
  }
);

// After execution
console.log(viz.render()); // ASCII visualization
console.log(viz.renderAs("mermaid")); // Mermaid diagram

Example ASCII Output
────────────────────────────────────────────

my-workflow [completed in 234ms]
├─ fetch-user [completed 45ms]
├─ validate-order [completed 12ms]
├─ charge-card [completed 156ms]
│  └─ (retry #1 after 100ms)
└─ send-email [completed 21ms]

Migration Patterns

Pattern 1: Simple Sequential Workflow

awaitly (After)

import { Awaitly, type AsyncResult } from "awaitly";
import { createWorkflow } from "awaitly/workflow";

async function add(a: number, b: number): AsyncResult<number, never> {
  return Awaitly.ok(a + b);
}

export const simpleWorkflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { add },
  { description: "Simple workflow" }
);

export async function simple(i: number) {
  return await simpleWorkflow(async (step, { add }) => {
    const a = await step('add', () => add(i, 7), { key: "add-1" });
    const b = await step('add', () => add(a, 8), { key: "add-2" });
    return b;
  });
}

Vercel Workflow (Before)

async function add(a: number, b: number): Promise<number> {
  "use step";
  return a + b;
}

export async function simple(i: number) {
  "use workflow";
  const a = await add(i, 7);
  const b = await add(a, 8);
  return b;
}

Pattern 2: Batch Processing

awaitly (After)

import { processInBatches } from "awaitly/batch";

export const batchWorkflow = createWorkflow('workflow', { processItem },
  { description: "Batch processing workflow" }
);

export async function runBatchWorkflow(items: string[]) {
  return await batchWorkflow(async (step, { processItem }) => {
    const result = await step('processInBatches', () => processInBatches(
      items,
      processItem,
      {
        batchSize: 50,
        onProgress: (progress) => {
          console.log(`Processed ${progress.processed}/${progress.total}`);
        },
      }
    ), { key: "batch-process" });
    return result;
  });
}

Vercel Workflow (Before)

export async function batchWorkflow(items: string[]) {
  "use workflow";
  const chunks = chunk(items, 50);
  for (const batch of chunks) {
    await Promise.all(batch.map(processItem));
  }
}

When to Choose Each

Choose Vercel Workflow when:

• You’re already on Vercel’s platform
• You want zero-config durability (handled by platform)
• You prefer compiler magic over explicit types
• You need tight integration with Vercel services
• You need DurableAgent for AI workflows with streaming
• You need createHook() for webhook-based workflow suspension

Choose awaitly when:

• You want maximum type safety with explicit error handling
• You need to run workflows anywhere (not just Vercel)
• You want static analysis and visualization tools
• You need saga pattern support out of the box
• You want standard TypeScript (no custom compiler)
• You need fine-grained control over retry policies
• You want better observability with named steps

Comparison Summary

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Platform Spectrum                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                             │
│  Vercel Workflow ─────────────────────────────► awaitly     │
│                                                             │
│  Platform-integrated              Platform-agnostic         │
│  Compiler magic                   Explicit types            │
│  Zero-config durability           Bring your own store      │
│  DurableAgent for AI              Any AI SDK                │
│  createHook() for webhooks        Custom via onEvent        │
│  Vercel only                      Any Node.js environment   │
│                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Portability

awaitly workflows are just TypeScript. No special compiler, no platform requirements. Deploy to Vercel, AWS, GCP, your own servers, or run locally.

Next Steps

• Getting Started with awaitly
• Saga / Compensation patterns
• Static Analysis
• Visualization